About DTM`s Flow Monitoring Surveys
This research started in October 2015 and is being conducted within the framework of IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) activities for monitoring populations on the move through the Mediterranean and Western Balkan Routes to Europe.
This report presents the results of a round of interviews carried out with migrants and refugees by IOM field staff in Italy (Central Mediterranean route) and Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Eastern Mediterranean route) in the period from mid-February to end of July 2017.
This round of surveys used an upgraded version of the questionnaire which was used in 2015-2016 and which was revised following the feedback received from field missions, different IOM departments and relevant partners. The current version allowed for greater insight into migrants´ decision making process in the country of origin and of departure/residence. It contained more detailed questions on family and employment status before departure and includes additional child focused questions (e.g. education levels, the last time a child had access to education).
The survey gathered information on migrants’ profiles, including age, sex, areas of origin, levels of education and employment status before migration, key transit points on their route, cost of the journey and reasons for moving. The survey also includes a set of questions aiming at capturing experiences that could indicate prevalence of human trafficking and other exploitative practices that the respondents or other migrants travelling with them might have experienced on the route. The set of indicators of exploitative practices en route, as well includes reference to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and it allows to capture in more detail the locations where such events occurred.
Further information about the survey’s structure and its implementation in the field are in the Methodology section.
Overview
This report contains an analysis of the responses provided by migrants and refugees transiting or stranded in the countries along the Central Mediterranean Route and the Eastern Mediterranean Route. Migrant adults (18 years and above) and children (14-17 years) are systematically compared. The first section provides an analysis on interviewees` responses to human trafficking and other exploitative prevalence indicators. The second section explains the context of the two migration routes.
The Central Mediterranean sample is composed of 4,286 responses of migrants interviewed in around 50 different locations in the Italian regions of Sicily, Apulia, Lombardy, Liguria and Friuli Venezia Giulia. The Eastern Mediterranean route has a sample of 3,960 interviews with migrants conducted in approximately 34 different transit, exit and entry locations.