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Afghanistan: Displacement Survey Shows 3.5 Million Internally Displaced, Returnees from Abroad in 15 Afghan Provinces

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Source: International Organization for Migration
Country: Afghanistan, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Pakistan

Kabul - One in six people is either a returnee or an internally displaced person (IDP) in the 15 Afghan provinces of Baghlan, Balkh, Farah, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Khost, Kunar, Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Paktya, and Takhar, according to the 3rd round of IOM’s Afghanistan’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Baseline Mobility Assessment.

In the 15 provinces assessed, which are believed to host the nation’s highest levels of returnee and displaced populations, a total of 3,549,168 individuals either returned from abroad or were internally displaced during the six years between January 2012 and December 2017. This represents roughly 18 percent of the total base population of 16,699,381 in these provinces.

The DTM tracks mobility, determines the numbers and locations of forcibly displaced people and provides basic demographic information. It aims to explain the reasons behind their displacement and their migration history, as well as their vulnerabilities and priority needs.

The main objective of the DTM in Afghanistan is to supply the Government of Afghanistan and humanitarian partners with comprehensive data, enabling them to provide timely, targeted, and cost-effective assistance to conflict and displacement affected populations.

According to the survey, the returnees from abroad included 1,355,488 people from Pakistan and over 398,521 from Iran. Another 67,002 Afghans returned from non-neighbouring countries. This includes 38,620 people who returned from Europe and Turkey.

With 499,194 individuals returning between 2012 and 2017, Nangarhar, a province bordering Pakistan, hosts the highest number of returnees, receiving over 25 percent of all returnees recorded in the 15 assessed provinces.

The survey also identified a total of 1,728,157 IDPs currently living in host communities throughout the assessed provinces. The majority of IDPs – 86 percent (1,481,923) – had been displaced by conflict, while the remaining 14 percent (246,234) had been forced to leave their homes due to natural disasters, such as floods, avalanches and earthquakes.

Another 1,635,194 people had been displaced in the past and have now returned to their homes. Just over half of IDPs – 57 percent (989,484) – had fled to a safe location within their own home province and 43 percent (738,673) had fled to other provinces.

Many returnees and IDPs are living in extreme poverty and some 101,606 returnees are now living in tents or in the open air. Some 474,869 returnees are living with host families and relatives, while 345,239 live in rented rooms, often in semi-ruined, abandoned houses.

There is also a strong trend toward urbanization among Afghan returnees and IDPs in search of better security, essential services and job opportunities. Some 48 percent (1,718,202) of returnees and IDPs in the 15 assessed provinces are living in urban districts. IDPs are more likely to flee to urban areas – 55 percent of IDPs (953,146) relocated to urban districts, whereas 42 percent of returnees (765,056) chose to urban environments.

“Often, particularly in urban environments, IDPs and returnees settle in so-called ‘informal settlements’ in close proximity to economic centres where the income earners of the family try to find daily labour. The conditions in these settlements are dire, with extremely low standards of hygiene and limited access to water,” says IOM Afghanistan Chief of Mission Laurence Hart.

“Given that the past winter brought very little snow and rain, we may well face a drought this summer. In this event, it isn’t hard to imagine that those who will be most adversely affected are those who are already the most vulnerable: the returnees and IDPs. They often can’t afford to settle in places that have access to basic necessities, such as water, but rather settle in marginal areas, because they have nowhere else to go,” he added.

The 15 provinces also experienced outward migration abroad between 2012–2017. Some 772,109 individuals or five percent of the population left Afghanistan and have not returned. Of these, 460,365 moved to Iran and 159,166 to Pakistan. Another 110,534 (14 percent of emigrants) migrated to Europe, including Turkey. Most emigrants (106,558) left Herat, followed by Baghlan, Takhar, Farah and Balkh. These five provinces accounted for 58 percent (448,698) of all emigrants.

Following a first round of data collection conducted January – March 2017 in the three eastern provinces of Nanagarhar, Laghman, and Kunar, and a second round covering nine provinces with the addition of Kabul, Balkh, Kunduz, Takhar, Baghlan and Paktya provinces, this current DTM survey has expanded to include Farah, Herat, Kandahar, Khost, Logar and Nimroz.

IOM’s DTM will continue to survey additional provinces where necessary to reflect and respond to the evolving needs of the displaced Afghan population. The DTM was launched in response to dramatic rises in returns from neighbouring countries, as well as increasing internal displacement. Between January 2016 and December 2017 at least 1,215,211 Afghans returned to Afghanistan from Iran and Pakistan, and over 1,286,608 were internally displaced by conflict.

A launch event of the report, attended by representatives from IOM, the Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation, including H.E. Minister Seyed Hussein Alemi Balkhi, and local media was held in Kabul on 8 May 2018. “This research shows that over the past six years, one in six people is either a returnee or an internally displaced person (IDP) in the 15 provinces of Afghanistan, therefore it is necessary that the migration and displacement should be considered as a top priority by the National Unity Government of Afghanistan”, said HE Balkhi during his speech to attendees.

For further information please contact IOM Afghanistan. Michael Speir, Tel.+93 72 922 8859, Email: mspeir@iom.int or Eva Schwoerer, Tel. +93 72 922 9129, email: eschwoerer@iom.int.


Afghanistan: Canada provides Can$ 100 million to protect girls and boys from polio

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Source: Global Polio Eradication Initiative
Country: Afghanistan, Canada, Nigeria, Pakistan, World

Contributions to WHO and UNICEF will help end polio in Afghanistan, and fund global eradication efforts.

Last month, Canada signed a generous pledge of Can$ 100 million to help eradicate polio in Afghanistan as well as in the two other endemic countries, Nigeria and Pakistan, and to continue to protect many polio-free countries. The pledge was announced by the Honourable Marie-Claude Bibeau, Minister of International Development and La Francophonie, at the 2017 Rotary International Convention in Atlanta.

In addition to previous donations of approximately Can$ 650 million, this most recent funding consists of Can$ 30 million to WHO and UNICEF to support programme activities in Afghanistan, and Can$ 70 million of flexible funding that can be used to support vaccination campaigns, rapid outbreak response, poliovirus surveillance and other critical eradication strategies and activities to reach every last child worldwide with a safe vaccine.

This latter funding is especially valuable to the programme, as it will help sustain the priority areas of work that make global polio eradication possible. In 2017, there were 22 cases of wild poliovirus reported worldwide, from only two countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan. In Nigeria, wild poliovirus was last detected in 2016. However, since 2001, there have been wild polio outbreaks in 41 countries that were previously polio-free.

Flexible funding, such as that provided by Canada, is critical to allow the programme to react quickly to the most urgent needs, successfully stopping each outbreak, and ensuring that every child is protected from polio worldwide.

Minister Marie-Claude Bibeau used the signing as an opportunity to underline Canada’s ongoing commitment. “Canada has been a supporter in the fight against polio from the very beginning and we are committed to seeing it through to the end,” she said. “Keeping the momentum is key, particularly in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria, where polio still exists. Canada remains committed to ensuring every child is immunized, particularly girls, who continue to face barriers.”

As a champion of feminist development, Canada has particularly emphasized the role played by women in the programme, from the front lines, to programme management and political leadership. Polio eradication moreover forms a crucial part of Canada’s “Right to Health” commitment, and has the potential to become one of the first tangible outcomes of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Akhil Iyer, Director of the Polio Eradication Programme at UNICEF said, “Whilst polio exists in the smallest geographic area in history, this includes some of the most dangerous and difficult-to-reach parts of the world. Canada’s long-standing political and financial commitment helps our dedicated health workers, mostly women, go the extra mile and vaccinate every child to build a polio-free world.”

With this funding and ongoing support, Canada is striving to protect every girl and boy child. In doing so, Canada is making history.

The funding is also a testament to the major role played by the Canadian people at every level of the polio eradication programme. To date, Canadian Rotarians have raised and contributed more than US$ 52 million to eradication efforts, whilst Canada’s citizens have played an important role in tracking progress and publically voicing their support to end polio through the Scientific Declaration on Polio Eradication, and the One Last Push Campaign.

Michel Zaffran, Director of the Polio Eradication Programme at the World Health Organization said, “The ongoing support of Canada is fundamental to the programme’s success. With their global advocacy in international forums such as the G20 and G7 and their strategic and high quality support in Afghanistan and across the world, we can ensure that polio is eradicated forever.”

Canada’s contribution comes at an important time for the programme, in the run up to the 2018 G7 Summit. Previous summits have recognized polio eradication efforts, noting that programme assets also help to strengthen other aspects of health and development. This year, the Presidency is held by Canada, the first country to place polio eradication on the G7 agenda.

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative partners extend their profound gratitude to the Government and to the citizens of Canada for their tremendous support and engagement to end polio globally.

Pakistan: Pakistan Humanitarian Pooled Fund Local Story: Timely nutrition support

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Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Pakistan

Gul Shahideen was born on 7th May, 2017 in Dari Wasta, Tehsil Datta Khel, North Waziristan Agency(NWA) of Federally Administrative Tribal Area (FATA). He has five sisters and one brother. His father is from a poor family and has worked for daily wages for the last 20 years. The family was displaced and migrated to Bannu in 2014 due to insurgency and complex protracted emergency in NWA. Like many other conflict affected families; Gul Shahideen’s family also experienced a reduction in breastfeeding due to the humanitarian crises situation. Due to limited awareness on benefits of breastfeeding and short duration of feeding, Gul Shahideen was exposed to frequent episodes of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections, becoming malnourished, and seriously ill in October 2017.

After falling unconscious and with a high fever, he was rushed to the nearest secondary care hospital at Miran Shah, a trip of two hours, accompanied by his mother and grandfather. He was admitted to the pediatric ward emergency unit. The doctor on duty examined him and informed his mother that the child is on the verge of death and he was transferred to the Stabilization Centre. This unit is specially designed to cater the health and nutrition needs of children under five years of age with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and concurrent medical complications. Treatment usually consists of intensive medical and nutrition therapy. Gul Shahideen received medicine and nutrition supplements every 2 hours. After 24 hours he opened his eyes. The staff informed his family that “he has diverted from the grave and his condition is now satisfactory”.

The Stabilization Centre was established by a local organization Center of Excellence for Rural Development(CERD) with the financial project support of Pakistan Humanitarian Pooled Fund, and the Department of Health (DoH). UNICEF is providing in-kind supplies for the stabilization centre while WHO is building the capacity of DoH and CERD. It is a life-saving initiative serving the health and nutrition needs of severe/moderate acute malnourished children under 5 years with medical complications and/or no appetite. The Centre provides 24/7 and 365 days health services and patients are attended by qualified, experienced and trained nutritionist, nurses, pharmacists. A psychologist/nutrition counsellor facilitates patients during stay in the Centre. Once stabilized, the patients are transferred to an out-patient therapeutic program in the nearest health facility. Follow-up consultations by nutritionists continue until complete recovery.

"The stabilization centre is an integral part of the children’s unit, providing health and nutrition support to children 0-5 years with severe acute malnutrition and concurrent medical complications. I am proud that so far we have saved the precious lives of 126 children” - Paediatrician (Dr. Wali Muhammad Wazir) AHQ Hospital NWA

Pakistan Humanitarian Pooled fund is operated in FATA Pakistan and 80 % of the partners are local NGOs, supported by the local government and the UN partners.

Afghanistan: Taliban's Chief Justice Calls for Peace

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Source: Voice of America
Country: Afghanistan, Indonesia, Pakistan

Mohammad Habibzada

WASHINGTON — A high-ranking Taliban member is calling for peace in Afghanistan. The comment by shadow chief justice, Mawlawi Abdul Hokom came in a letter to Taliban leader Habtullah Akhundzada.

Hokom said all Afghans, including those living in Taliban or Afghan government-controlled areas, are tired of war and want peace.

The Afghanistan Ministry of Defense (MOD) provided a copy of the letter to VOA that was initially sent from northeastern Baghlan province, and claimed that many of the Taliban members favor peace.

“Since the Islamic Emirate leaders have a responsibility toward legitimate demands of the Afghanistan people, it is essential that despite Operation Khandaq against the occupiers, the leadership should consider the public peace demand and provide a convincing response to the Afghan people after consulting with all the leaders,” the letter said.

The Afghan Taliban announced their 2018 spring offensive — called the “Al Khandaq (trench) Jihadi operations”— on April 25. Despite the call for peace, Hokom once again called the Afghan government a "puppet" and its peace offer “unreal.” He also called the U.S.-led International forces “occupiers.”

Peace discussion

The Afghanistan High Peace Council (HPC), however, said Taliban leaders have already started discussing the Afghan government's peace offer.

“According to the reports we obtained from different sources, including media reports, Taliban, or the armed opposition leaders, have started discussing how to engage in discussions with the Afghan government,” Sayed Ehsan Taheri, HPC spokesperson, told VOA.

“I am confident that many groups within the Taliban ranks are interested and seek peace in Afghanistan, and are trying to join the negotiation table. They have realized that they can’t win in the battlefield,” Mohammad Radmanish, MOD spokesperson, told VOA.

Summary execution

In his letter, Hokom also asked all Taliban fighters not to resort to summary executions, and to pay more attention to civilians, elders, and children during the battle.

“No in-charge person or Mujahid [Muslim fighter] has the right to kill anyone without a trial order,” the letter read.

The letter came months after the Taliban claimed responsibility for a suicide attack in the capital city of Kabul that killed close to 100 people Jan. 27.

Afghan officials also blamed the group for a Sunday bombing in a mosque that was being used as a voter registration center in eastern Khost province. Seventeen people were killed, and 33 were injured.

Islamic conference

Jakarta is set to host a trilateral conference on May 11, where religious scholars from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Indonesia would try to find a solution for more than 16 years of war in Afghanistan.

“Fortunately, the Afghanistan, Pakistan and Indonesia delegations are announced, and religious councils of all three countries will participate in the conference to discuss peace and stability in Afghanistan,” Taheri said.

The Afghan Taliban, however, has urged scholars to boycott the conference.

World: Investigating Crises: South Asia’s Lessons, Evolving Dynamics, and Trajectories

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Source: Stimson Center
Country: China, India, Pakistan, World

INTRODUCTION

Sameer Lalwani Twenty years after India and Pakistan tested nuclear weapons, observers continue to brace themselves during every crisis between these two nuclear-armed rivals for the possibility of severe escalation. Major interstate India-Pakistan crises began at the initial partition of colonial India and have always raised concerns from international observers due to the size of both countries and their formidable conventional capabilities. South Asian crises took a distinctly ominous turn in the 1980s, particularly with the 1986-87 Brasstacks crisis, when it became clear that both sides were developing nuclear arsenals. Crisis anxiety advanced into dread after both countries tested nuclear weapons in 1998. While the subcontinent has since experienced nearly incessant cross-border fire, interstate raids and skirmishes, and even a militarized conflict that many scholars classify as a war, the region has thus far managed to evade major escalation to full-scale conventional war and accompanying pressures to pursue nuclear use. Some analysts attribute this successful avoidance to deterrence, others to chance, and still others to third-party intervention.

Nevertheless, the frequency of kinetic exchange, whether through cross-border fire or subconventional aggression, creates a large-looming and constant risk of a crisis, and any incident between two nuclear powers with a rivalry as old and bitter as India and Pakistan’s demands greater attention and scrutiny.
After all, based on the Interstate Crisis Behavior dataset, the India-Pakistan rivalry has produced more crises than any other dyad excluding the former U.S.-Soviet rivalry.

World: Clampdowns and Courage: South Asia Press Freedom Report 2017-2018

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Source: International Federation of Journalists
Country: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, World

Foreword

As we fight for journalist rights for another year, there’s a pervading sentiment emanating through the collective discourse of media workers in South Asia.It is audible in the street demonstrations and protests of media workers.

It is there, between the lines, in journalist union statements and in formal calls to government to do more for safety and protection of media workers.It is written boldly and plainly in the protest placards and banners carried by activists in cities and regional centres; raw emotions and brave statements etched out each and every time yet another attack or killing takes target on a journalist.

It is evident in the robust defence that plays out on social media against the obscene trolling of women journalists and secular bloggers in the online space.

It is heard every time a journalist is jailed or detained on spurious and dubious charges, and in the passionate defence and campaigns delivered by colleagues and family for their release. It is the disturbing undertone in the ongoing discourse on the scourge of fake news that is taking over the online space as well as mainstream media.And it is there in the bleak silence of the many internet shutdowns that are plaguing freedom of expression and human rights in South Asia.

In this vast and diverse region that is increasingly divided by political extremism and suffering under authoritarian regimes with little regard for freedom of expression or the public’s right to know, one of the clear things that unites South Asia’s media is the shared experience of challenging clampdowns and control.The juggernaut of ever-evolving economic, social, cultural, political and, now, technological impacts, is putting the profession of journalism under pressure like never before.

Legacy media is slowly but surely being dismantled or disembowelled, increasingly to push the agendas of media owners or powerful political and business interests. Wages and job permanency have been the casualty of an information revolution, that has left fewer journalists working harder than ever before.The pervading question is: what kind of future will it be for South Asia’s journalists?

After the storm, what will this new media landscape reflect? With the current trajectory of clampdowns and increasing controls, one could be forgiven for pessimistically thinking, if there will indeed be one and if press freedom can indeed survive.

As we release this year’s South Asia Press Freedom Report, Clampdowns and Courage , Afghanistan’s media has endured one of its darkest days and is in national mourning after another heinous suicide bombing and deadly targeted attack. At least 10 journalists lost their lives in a single deadly day on April 30, 2018 – nine in a suicide bomb attack in Kabul, where the killer disguised himself as a reporter at the scene of an initial bomb blast. Among the victims was AFP’s chief photographer Shah Marai, who was responsible for many of the compelling images in this report from across Afghanistan. In a separate incident, Ahmad Shah, a young journalist with the BBC’s Pashto service, was shot dead by unknown gunmen in Khost province. Our deepest sympathies go to all our colleagues in Afghanistan who have lost 22 colleagues in this one single year of review. Sadly, this epitomises the brutality of that country’s working environment, where the Taliban and the Daesh frequently target media and journalists while the state remains clearly unable to provide any security to them.

In India, we saw a nation in mourning after the brutal shooting of respected firebrand journalist Gauri Lankesh in the heart of tech-city Bengaluru. In the aftermath, the protests in defence of media took over the country and ignited a solidarity that went beyond India’s borders across the region and epitomises the FOREWORD sentiment of this year’s report.

We document the clampdowns, repression and muzzling by legal means and more. But we also pay tribute to the other factor that unites South Asia’s media – and that is courage.

In the face of adversity, its media fearlessly perseveres, despite the suffering and despite increased controls and criminalisation of their craft.We give special focus to the many rural journalists in small towns and villages who risk their lives to bring their stories to their communities and beyond. We shed light on the political crisis that is enveloping the Maldives and the ongoing conflict in Kashmir, with strong messages of resilience coming from both. We also document the impact of the #metoo movement as we hear from women journalists across the region about the insidious impact of sexual harassment and how they are bravely working to change the story.

And we reveal journalists jailed, detained or disappeared for simply trying to do their job.

For these reasons and more, Clampdowns and Courage encapsulates a record of this past year and the work of many. And, most importantly, we hope it will continue to support the South Asia Media Solidarity Network to continue its campaign for justice – because that is what we all deserve.

Jane Worthington IFJ Asia-Pacific

Afghanistan: Return of Undocumented Afghans - Weekly Situation Report (29 April - 5 May 2018)

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Source: International Organization for Migration
Country: Afghanistan, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Pakistan

Highlights
- 1,264 undocumented Afghans returned from Pakistan
- 19,058 undocumented Afghans returned from Iran
- 12,218 total returns from Pakistan since 01 Jan 2018
- 242,500 total returns from Iran since 01 Jan 2018
- 97% of returnees from Pakistan (1,230 individuals) assisted
- 4% of returnees from Iran (746 individuals) assisted
- 119 Unaccompanied Migrant Children (UMC) from Iran among those assisted, 0 from Pakistan
- 40 Medical Cases (MC) from Iran among those

Situation Overview

IOM is responding to a substantial increase in the return of undocumented Afghans from Pakistan and Iran. Since 01 January 2018, over 254,718 undocumented Afghans have returned due to diverse push factors, including deteriorating protection space in Pakistan and Iran. Most of those returning have lived outside of Afghanistan for decades, and will need support from the government and humanitarian actors both on arrival and as they seek to reintegrate. As the rate of return is influenced by a number of political, security and other related factors both in Afghanistan and neighboring countries, another surge in returns could occur at any time. The governments of Afghanistan and Pakistan together with UN counterparts have now extended Proof of Registration cards for 1.4m Afghan refugees in Pakistan to 30 June 2018 and have begun the issuance of Afghan Citizenship Cards on 16 February for more than 850,000 undocumented Afghans. IOM is working to scale up its support to returnees in coordination with the Government of Afghanistan and other humanitarian partners in line with the 2018 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP).

Pakistan: Two girls’ schools hit by bomb explosions in North Waziristan

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Source: DAWN Group of Newspapers
Country: Pakistan

By Pazir Gul

MIRAMSHAH: Militancy has again reared its ugly head in North Waziristan Agency as two schools for girls there have been hit by bomb explosions and pamphlets warning locals not to send grown-up girls to educational institutions have been distributed widely.

Residents said the boundary wall of a middle school for girls, situated in the Hasokhel area of Mirali tehsil, was blown up on Wednesday night. Another middle school for girls was bombed in the same tehsil on Monday night, they said. The blast partially damaged the school’s main building.

When contacted, however, local administration officials expressed ignorance about the bombing of two schools.

Meanwhile, a pamphlet distributed purportedly by a militant group called Ittehadul Mujahideen North Waziristan warned residents against sending grown-up girls to schools. “We will not tolerate to see grown-up girls going to schools in various areas,” it said. Middle schools in different parts of the tribal agency received copies of the pamphlet on Tuesday. The tribal elders who have been supporting the authorities also received pamphlets, which asked them not to support government policies.

The bombing of schools and distribution of controversial pamphlets have put a question mark over the government’s claims that the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Fata), particularly the North Waziristan Agency, has been cleared of militants.

Incidents of targeted killing and bomb blasts have been reported frequently from the area. Tensions have spiked at a time when most of the internally displaced persons have returned to their homes and the government has started rebuilding schools there.

Also, the directorate of education for Fata and the army have opened a network of cadet colleges and army public schools in different parts of North Waziristan.

Militants used to frequently bomb educational institutions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Fata before the launch of military operation Zarb-i-Azb in North Waziristan Agency in June 2014. Militancy badly affected enrolment in schools and colleges, particularly those of girls, in Fata.

About 1,500 schools have been destroyed in the tribal belt during the last 10 years. Before Zarb-i-Azb only one girls’ school was operational in Miramshah, which was situated inside a high-security zone.

Published in Dawn, May 10th, 2018


Pakistan: Anti-polio drive concludes

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Source: Frontier Post
Country: Pakistan

F.P. Report

PESHAWAR: With a view to stop virus transmission and stamp out polio from the region synchronized anti-polio campaign is successfully underway in 17 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Afghanistan. According to a press release issued here on Wednesday, the three -day anti-polio drive was successfully kicked off on May 7, 2018 in selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa including Afghan Refugees camps to vaccinate 4.458 million children under the age of five out of more than three million were covered so far while the campaign was on to cover the remaining children.

Coordinator EOC KP Atif Rehman while chairing a meeting here at EOC said that same virus was circulating in Pakistan and Afghanistan and coordinated anti-polio campaigns were therefore carried out on both sides of the border.

He said that the decision to this effect was taken in a joint meeting of the two countries held last month in Abu- Dhabi and hoped that better coordination between two neighboring countries will help address the lingering issue and rid the region of the menace.

Rehman paid rich tributes to sehat muhafiz who were braving many challenge in the field to vaccinate the children saying that the success achieved in polio eradication were not possible without the diehard efforts of the teams.

Atif Rehman said that since 2014 there has been an overall 97% reduction in polio cases in Pakistan: from 306 cases in 2014 to 8 in 2017 while this year one polio case has been reported.

He said that government was trying hard to address any remaining gaps to achieve high population immunity in core poliovirus reservoirs and high risk areas.

Regarding vaccine, he assured that polio vaccine is safe, efficacious, and approved by the Government’s drug regulatory authority adding that the same vaccine has been used to eradicate polio in almost every country in the world.

It is pertinent to mention here that 11902 total teams have been constituted for the campaign out of which 1072 were fixed teams, 788 transit teams, 264 roaming teams whereas 3080 area incharges will monitor quality of the campaign.

Moreover, strict security measures were taken and more than 22000 police personnel were deployed on sensitive and plugging points in Peshawar, Charsadda, Mardan, Nowshera, Swabi, Bannu, Chitral, D.I.khan, Hangu, Karak, Kohat, Lakki Marwat, Malakand, Swat, Tank, Dir Upper, Dir Lower to ensure safe and secure environment to the teams.

Serbia: Serbia: Inter-Agency Operational Update (January-March 2018)

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Source: UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Country: Afghanistan, Algeria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cuba, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Pakistan, Romania, Serbia, Syrian Arab Republic, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Tunisia, World

KEY INDICATORS

1,731 Registered intentions to seek asylum in Serbia

23% of registered refugees and migrants were minors

35 Applications for asylum

3 Persons granted refugee status

2 Persons granted subsidiary protection

  • On 22 March, the Serbian Parliament adopted a new law on Asylum and Temporary Protection, as well as new Laws on Foreigners and the Protection of State Borders. All three new laws will be relevant for managing the refugee and migration situation. The new Asylum Law aligns Serbian legislation with international and EU standards by including an improved refugee definition and enhanced provisions for unaccompanied and separated asylum-seeking children.

  • UNHCR and partners observed 949 arrivals, of which 48% from fYRo Macedonia, 28% from Bulgaria, 19% by air and 5% from other directions. 25% were nationals of Pakistan, 21% of Iran, 18% of Afghanistan, 17% of Iraq, 11% of Syria and 8% of other countries. 67% were men, 9% women and 24% children (in comparison to the last quarter of 2017 with 2,045 arrivals, when the same percentage arrived from Bulgaria as from fYRo Macedonia - 43%, 11% by air, etc., when 40% of all arrivals were women and children (incl. families), and 28% were Pakistani, 24% Iraqi, 19% Afghani, 16% Iranian, 4% Syrian, etc. nationals).

  • Tragically highlighting the risks of irregular movements, two foreign men were fatally injured when walking on Belgrade-Šid highway, during the night of 8 March, while on 14 February eleven men from Algeria and Morocco had to be hospitalised with severe symptoms of poisoning from pesticide fumes inhaled in a cargo train wagons which they had entered in an attempt to enter Croatia. On 11 March, three young men and boys were stabbed in a fight near the border with Croatia.

  • In follow up to security incidents, the police conducted biometric registration of single men in Krnjača and Obrenovac centres.

  • On the occasion of International Women’s Day, authorities, UN and other organisations orgaised various events with refugees/migrants across the country.

World: Education Under Attack 2018

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Source: Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack
Country: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iraq, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Myanmar, Nigeria, occupied Palestinian territory, Pakistan, Philippines, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), World, Yemen

In countries across the globe from Afghanistan to Colombia to India to Mali to Turkey to Yemen and on, students, teachers, and educational facilities are under siege. Targeted killings, rape, abduction, child recruitment, intimidation, threats, military occupation, and destruction of property are just some of the ways in which education is being attacked.

Between 2013 and 2017, there were more than 12,700 attacks, harming more than 21,000 students and educators in at least 70 countries. In 28 countries profiled in this report, at least 20 attacks on education occurred over the last 5 years.

Nigeria: Statement of the Seventeenth IHR Emergency Committee Regarding the International Spread of Poliovirus

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Source: World Health Organization
Country: Afghanistan, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic

10 May 2018
Geneva

The seventeenth meeting of the Emergency Committee under the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR) regarding the international spread of poliovirus was convened by the Director General on 30 April 2018 at WHO headquarters with members, advisers and invited member states attending via teleconference.

The Emergency Committee reviewed the data on wild poliovirus (WPV1) and circulating vaccine derived polioviruses (cVDPVs). The Secretariat presented a report of progress for affected IHR States Parties subject to Temporary Recommendations. The following IHR States Parties provided an update on the current situation and the implementation of the WHO Temporary Recommendations since the Committee last met on 7 February 2018: Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), Pakistan, Kenya, Somalia and Syrian Arab Republic.

Wild polio

Overall the Committee was encouraged by continued progress in WPV1 eradication, with the number of cases globally remaining low in 2018. In addition, there has now been no international spread of WPV1 since October 2017.

The Committee commended the continued high level commitment seen in both Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the high degree of cooperation and coordination, particularly targeting the high risk mobile populations that frequently cross the international border. The joint planning to cease transmission in the two recognized zones of transmission (the northern corridor which extends from Nangarhar to Islamabad and Rawalpindi, and the southern corridor from Kandahar to Quetta Block) is a key to success in achieving WPV eradication in Pakistan and Afghanistan, the region, and globally.

The Committee commended the achievements in Pakistan that have resulted in a sustained reduction in the number of cases, with only one case so far in 2018, and a fall in the proportion of environmental samples that have tested positive for WPV1. No orphan virus (viruses that are not closely related to any other virus based on genetic analysis) has been detected so far in 2018, giving some confidence that surveillance is working well. Notable achievements include better quality supplementary immunization activities (SIA) and improved communication to reduce missed children. However, environmental surveillance continues to detect WPV1 transmission in many high risk areas of the country such as Karachi, Peshawar and the Quetta Block. The robust response to environmental detections of WPV was welcomed.

The Committee was concerned by the stagnation in progress in Afghanistan and the ongoing risks to eradication posed by the number of inaccessible and missed children, particularly in the southern and eastern regions, resulting in fourteen cases in 2017, and already seven cases in 2018. The continued inaccessibility in Kandahar, Paktika, and parts of Nangarhar and Kunar, and issues with vaccine acceptance in some high risk areas particularly in Kandahar, the Bermel district of Paktika, and Kunar are the biggest challenges. Of greatest concern are the children chronically unreached by the polio program, these numbering around 13,000 children in Shahwalikot and 40,000 children living in areas controlled by militant anti- government elements in the eastern region.

The Committee commended the innovations that continue to be made in Nigeria to reach children in Borno, where the number of inaccessible children has fallen from 160,000 in late 2017 to around 104,000 currently. While certain cross border activities are being undertaken, such as international synchronization of vaccination campaigns, these efforts appeared to be insufficient to ensure that any poliovirus still circulating undetected is not exported to neighboring Lake Chad basin countries. The Committee also noted that routine immunization coverage is low, particularly in high risk areas of northern Nigeria. The country however has declared routine immunization a national public health emergency and is actively planning for Gavi transition with strengthening of its routine immunization program in mind. Although it is over 19 months since the last detection of WPV1 in Nigeria, the outbreak response assessment by global polio experts concluded ongoing undetected transmission could not be ruled out.

There is ongoing concern about the districts of the neighboring countries of the Lake Chad basin region that have been affected by the Boko Haram insurgency, with the consequent lack of services and presence of IDPs and refugees. The risk of international spread from Nigeria to the Lake Chad basin countries or further afield in sub-Saharan Africa remains substantial. The Committee was encouraged that the Lake Chad basin countries, Cameroon, Chad, the Central African Republic (CAR), Niger and Nigeria continued to be committed to sub-regional coordination of immunization and surveillance activities. However, there are widespread persistent gaps in population immunity across these countries, and the ongoing population movement in the sub-region and insecurity are major challenges. The committee urged that work to characterize and vaccinate transient and permanent populations on the Lake Chad islands continue urgently.

Vaccine derived poliovirus

The committee noted that in DR Congo, the vaccine-derived polio outbreak has now been declared a public health emergency, with resources being made available for an emergency operation centre, appointment of a national outbreak coordinator, and other resources. However, there has been further transmission into new areas not covered by previous mOPV2 campaigns, with the report of a case in Haut Katanga province, and another eight cases reported in previously affected provinces. Further rounds with mOPV2 are being planned. Risks are compounded by poor surveillance in many areas, and widespread gaps in population immunity. It was noted that upcoming elections with the possibility of civil unrest posed an additional risk to the ability of the country to halt the outbreak. The movement of refugees and IDPs increases the risk of further spread, and the IPV shortage in neighboring countries is another risk, with the under 2 age group vulnerable to type 2 infection. In DR Congo, insecurity and geographical remoteness of the affected area pose significant challenges to controlling the outbreak.

The committee noted that in Syria, there has been no new case for more than six months, giving hope that transmission may have stopped. However, while AFP surveillance indicators are good, and environmental surveillance is now in operation, low level transmission cannot yet be ruled out.

The new outbreak of cVDPV2 with international spread affecting Somalia and Kenya is a major concern, together with the recent detection of cVDPV3 by environmental sampling in Mogadishu. While the robust response to date was commendable, the lack of clarity about where the virus emerged and circulated for a prolonged period prior to detection means that it remains unsure whether the population currently being targeted is sufficient. The persistently inaccessible districts in the South and Central zones of Somalia makes an effective response extremely difficult, with more than 300,000 children aged under 5 years believed to be living in these districts. Nomadic and refugee movement make other areas in the sub-region (e.g. Somali region of Ethiopia, north east Kenya, and Yemen) potentially at risk of international spread.

The new outbreak of cVDPV2 recently detected in Jigawa, Nigeria, again underlines the vulnerability of northern Nigeria to poliovirus transmission.

Conclusion

The Committee unanimously agreed that the risk of international spread of poliovirus remains a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), and recommended the extension of Temporary Recommendations for a further three months. The Committee considered the following factors in reaching this conclusion:

Although the risk of international spread of WPV may be diminishing as transmission falls, the impact of any delay in eradicating WPV caused by international spread, should it occur now, would be even more grave in terms of delaying certification and the need to maintain human and financial resources for a longer period to achieve eradication.The risk of global complacency developing increases as the numbers of WPV cases remains low and eradication becomes a tangible reality, and removing the PHEIC now could contribute to greater complacency, particularly at an inopportune time given the upcoming Hajj with its heightened population movement.

Many countries remain vulnerable to WPV importation, as evidenced by gaps in population immunity in several key high risk areas, and also the current number of cVDPV outbreaks, both type 2 and 3, which only emerge and circulate due to lack of polio population immunity.

Inaccessibility to vaccination programs remains another major risk, particularly in several countries currently infected with WPV or cVDPV, i.e. Afghanistan, Nigeria and Somalia, which all have sizable populations that have been unreached with polio vaccine for prolonged periods.

The risk is amplified by population movement, whether for family, social, economic or cultural reasons, or in the context of populations displaced by insecurity and returning refugees. There is a need for international coordination to address these risks, particularly between Afghanistan and Pakistan, Nigeria and its Lake Chad neighbors, and countries in and bordering the Horn of Africa and DR Congo.

The inaccessible population in Borno state in Nigeria remains substantial despite the commendable efforts to reach all settlements.These populations have not received polio vaccine since WPV1 was detected in 2016, so ongoing transmission in these unreached pockets cannot be ruled out. The risk of transmission in the Lake Chad sub-region appears considerable, with significant gaps in population immunity in these vulnerable countries, compounded by international population movement.

The new international outbreak of cVDPV2 affecting Somalia and Kenya, with a highly diverged cVDPV2 that appears to have circulated undetected for up to four years highlights that there are still high-risk populations in South and Central zones of Somalia where population immunity and surveillance are compromised by inaccessibility.

The ongoing spread of cVDPV2 in DR Congo demonstrates significant gaps in population immunity at a critical time in the polio endgame;the lack of IPV vaccination in several countries neighboring DR Congo heightens the risk of international spread, as population immunity is rapidly waning.

The increasing number of countries in which immunization systems have been weakened or disrupted by conflict and complex emergencies poses another risk. Populations in these fragile states are vulnerable to outbreaks of polio. Outbreaks in fragile states are exceedingly difficult to control and threaten the completion of global polio eradication during its end stage.

A regional approach and strong cross­border cooperation is required to respond to these risks, as much international spread of polio occurs over land borders.

Pakistan: Across South Asia, women lack the nutritional care they urgently need

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Source: UN Children's Fund
Country: Nepal, Pakistan

Pregnant and breastfeeding women need better nutrition to protect children from stunting and disease.

Kathmandu/Islamabad - 09 May 2018: The progress on improving nutritional care of women in South Asia during and after pregnancy is slow, impacting on their children’s survival, growth and development.

A three-day regional conference on actions to accelerate improvements in women’s nutrition across South Asia is being held in Kathmandu this week. Organised jointly by the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the conference is bringing together government representatives, UN partners and civil society organizations from all countries in South Asia, with regional and global experts.

Poor nutrition deprives women of their health and well-being. Over one-third of the world’s anaemic women live in South Asia, and no country is on track to meet the global nutrition target to reduce anaemia by 50 per cent women by 2025. Furthermore, one in ten women are too short (height <145 cm), and in some countries as many as one-fifth are too thin.

Children who are born small due to poor maternal nutrition start life at a huge disadvantage. They are more likely to become wasted or stunted in early life, do less well at school, earn lower wages in adulthood and suffer diabetes and chronic heart diseases later in life. Evidence shows that maternal nutrition is strongly linked to child stunting, which effects 62 million children in the region.

Many adolescents and women also face serious obstacles in meeting their right to health and nutrition. “Gaps in national policies, programmes and care services during pregnancy, combined with poverty and customary practices mean that women fail to receive the nutritional care they need for a healthy pregnancy,” said Jean Gough, Regional Director for UNICEF in South Asia.

Essential nutrition services, including dietary counselling and iron-folic acid supplements, are reaching too few women during pregnancy. Underlying causes include the under-investment in maternal health services, the low prioritization of nutrition services, and the low reach of care for pregnant women. Furthermore, there is poor understanding at all levels, from policy makers to families, of how maternal nutrition impacts on the health, survival and development of women and the future generation of children.

Yet, it is possible to achieve rapid progress in South Asia. In Nepal, for example, the percentage of women who take iron-folic acid supplements for at least 90 days during pregnancy increased from only 6 percent in 2001 to 71 percent in 2016, a 10-fold increase.

Delegates will agree upon a set of key recommendations at the end of the conference to transform maternal nutrition. "Women's nutrition needs special attention. Governments need to look at how we can provide healthy diet and lifestyle options. We must strive towards a collective effort that involves health providers, community based workers, families, schools and mothers themselves, “said Amjad Hussain Sial, Secretary General of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).

Pakistan: 1,43000 students enrolled in 2017 in Fata: Governor

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Source: Frontier Post
Country: Pakistan

PESHAWAR: Governor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Engr. Iqbal Zafar Jhagra on Thursday said good effects of implementation of education emergency in FATA can be clearly seen and added in 2017 one lakh and forty three thousand of students in FATA had enrolled in educational institutes, which proved that parents are willing to educate their children.

He expressed these views while formally launching ceremony of enrollment drive in FATA here at Governor’s House, Peshawar. Besides Secretary Social Sector FATA Yousaf Raheem and Director Education FATA Hashim Khan, Additional Director Education FATA, Heads of UNICEF and UNDP and concerned officials of FATA Secretariat were also present on the occasion.

On the occasion kids were provided free bags and books also. He further added, “There is no dearth in talent among FATA students. They can compete at all levels.” The present Government is putting all its efforts into ensuring equal education opportunities for the people of FATA at par with other progressive areas.

He said education and knowledge were the key to socio-economic development of the country. He said education was given top most priority and said we have already announced education emergency in tribal areas.

“To make Pakistan developed and sovereign we have to educate every child throughout the country.” He said no efforts would be spared to get 100% school children enrolled in FATA. He said education is pre-requisite for the real development of Pakistan. He said all out efforts are being taken to provide access to education at the doorstep to all the school going children in FATA.

Addressing the ceremony, the Governor said, “Education is one of the powerful tool, which can change the fate of any nation in a good sense.” While lauding the efforts of UNICEF and UNDP he added, “With the help of these donor agencies education campaign will be launched successfully. While congratulating the students the Governor has said that education is the right of every children and it is the responsibility of the state to provide education.

He said facilities of education and books will be provided to the students without delay. Governor also distributed the certificates to position holder students and congratulated them. He said special steps are being taken to enroll children in schools till 31st May.

The Governor also extended felicitations to those boys and girls, who continued their studies and clinched positions in the examination despite the current adverse circumstances and expressed his hope that the children will consistently focus their attention on studies and will prove to be the shining stars of FATA in future as well.

He said FATA students have great potential and have the ability to compete with students of prestigious institutions of the country.

World: Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER), 4 May 2018, vol. 93, no. 19 (pp.241-248) [EN/FR]

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Source: World Health Organization
Country: Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, World

Contents

241 Progress towards polio eradication, worldwide, January 2016–March 2018

Sommaire

241 Progrès accomplis en vue de l’éradication de la poliomyélite à l’échelle mondiale, janvier 2016-mars 2018


World: Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER), 11 May 2018, vol. 93, no. 18 (pp.241-248) [EN/FR]

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Source: World Health Organization
Country: Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, World

Contents

241 Progress towards polio eradication, worldwide, January 2016–March 2018

Sommaire

241 Progrès accomplis en vue de l’éradication de la poliomyélite à l’échelle mondiale, janvier 2016-mars 2018

Afghanistan: Polio this week as of 8 May 2018

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Source: Global Polio Eradication Initiative
Country: Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic

Pakistan: 14 dead as rain, windstorm batter KP, Fata

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Source: DAWN Group of Newspapers
Country: Pakistan

KHAR / LANDI KOTAL /PESHAWAR: At least 14 people were killed and 22 others injured as heavy downpour and windstorm lashed parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Fata) on Saturday.

Officials of the Bajaur Agency administration said that nine people were killed and 13 others suffered injuries in incidents of wall and roof collapse after a windstorm hit the area in the evening.

According to the officials, most of the dead and wounded belonged to Mamond and Khar tehsil. Heavy rain, accompanied by strong windstorm, started at about 5pm and continued for at least two hours in Bajaur.

Heavy rains also triggered flash floods in different areas. Strong winds uprooted trees and signboards. A dust storm struck Peshawar and adjacent areas, reducing visibility, which was followed by heavy rain.

Reports suggested that three people were killed and nine others injured in the rain-related incidents in Khyber Agency. Khasadar officials said that the accidents occurred due to poor visibility on road near Sadukhel as the area was hit hard by strong winds and torrential rain.

Hospital sources said that a car driver Mohammad Wakil died on the spot while a medical representative Riaz Khan died at the hospital. The injured also included two soldiers of Frontier Corps.

Medical staff at the Agency Headquarters Hospital faced difficulties in providing emergency treatment to the injured due to suspension of power supply at its OPD.

Relatives of the injured had to arrange for mobile phone lights to enable the medical staff to stitch their injuries.

Assistant medical superintendent of the Agency Headquarters Hospital Dr Naseeb Gul told Dawn that five bodies and 13 wounded were brought to the hospital.

However, he said that two wounded persons were later referred to a hospital in Peshawar due to their precious condition.

In reply to a question, he said that the condition of almost all the wounded persons was stated to be stable after they received first aid.

In another incident, a 10-year-old boy identified as Ibrahim drowned in a strom-water drain in Landi Kotal. Two more children were rescued.

In Nowshera, lightning killed one person in the Pir Sabaq area, according to Rescue 1122. An official said that a signboard along the road collapsed due to windstorm in Nowshera that caused injuries to a pedestrian. He was taken to a local hospital.

The rooftop of a warehouse also collapsed on the Ring Road, Peshawar, injuring a person. Bad weather also disrupted power supply to many areas of the city.

Earlier in the morning, heavy rain and hailstorm started across the Swat valley, causing flashfloods in Mingora and Saidu Sharif.

The main GT Road connecting district Swat with the rest of the country remained blocked for hours due to flashfloods and ponds on the road.

According to residents, the main reason of the flashfloods was the blockage of the drainage system for which they blamed the newly established Water and Sanitation Services Company.

Published in Dawn, May 13th, 2018

Afghanistan: APRRN Statement: Afghanistan remains unsuitable and unsafe for returning refugees

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Source: Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network
Country: Afghanistan, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Pakistan

The Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network (APRRN) continues to have serious concerns over the severe lack of protection available to refugees upon returning to Afghanistan. According to local and international NGOs based in Afghanistan, returning refugees face a wide array of complex issues both immediately upon, and long-after their return. This includes but is not limited to: employment, land access, education, identification (Tazkira card), threats from warlords and Islamic State of Khorasan Province, child marriage and terrorism. Security concerns are expected to further increase with the upcoming parliamentary elections (in late 2018). The sheer abundance of issues facing returnees indicates that Afghanistan is not able to absorb yet more refugees to return in safety and dignity.

Since the beginning of 2018, more than 242,000 undocumented returnees have returned to Afghanistan from the Islamic Republic of Iran according to IOM. The people coming from Iran include a mixture of voluntary returnees and deportees i.e. individuals that have been forcibly sent back to Afghanistan despite their potential protection concerns. Many of these individuals are returning to a country where they haven’t lived for many years and where they’re now effectively a stranger within their own national borders. For the vast majority, they have become – and will remain – internally displaced persons (IDPs), forced to live in another city for safety and security. According to recent UNHCR statistics, there are more than 951,000 registered Afghan refugees in Iran and a further two million undocumented Afghan citizens living in refugee-like situations.

Conditions for refugees in Pakistan, Afghanistan’s southernmost neighbour, are also a cause for increased concern. For the 1.38 million recognised refugees and 1 million undocumented refugees, conditions over the past twelve months have also been steadily deteriorating. This includes a recent upsurge in harassment, arbitrary arrest, detention and bribery by law enforcement agencies, and a series of mass deportations in late 2016. Such harsh conditions has led to many refugees ‘voluntarily returning’ to Afghanistan, despite not having a safe place to return to. These actions by the Pakistan Government are in line with increased anti-refugee sentiment and heightened security concerns across the region and also globally.

At present, the Proof of Registration (PoR) cards for registered Afghan refugees have only been extended until 30 June 2018. This current practice of ad hoc and short-term extensions has been occuring for a number of years, a constant cause of concern to the international community. Whilst ostensibly providing refugees in Pakistan with a degree of protection, the limited duration of PoR card extensions only seeks to create anxiety, insecurity and unpredictability within the refugee community – something that is completely unavoidable.

APRRN reaffirms its previous desire for affected nations to come to a multilateral and sustainable solution for Afghan refugees. This should include, but not be limited to, the following elements:

  • Regardless of their status, Afghans living in Pakistan and Iran must be afforded a life that is free from harrassment and exploitation;
  • Regardless of their status, refugees/undocumented Afghans should not be forced to return to Afghanistan;
  • Host countries and the international community must recognise that Afghanistan is not suitable for refugees to return at present.

We urge the governments of Pakistan and Iran to work in cooperation with the Afghanistan Government and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to ensure that repatriation only occurs voluntarily and with dignity.

While APRRN statements are prepared in consultations with APRRN members, they do not necessarily reflect the views of all members.

For media enquiries, please contact:

Evan Jones, Programme Coordinator

Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network (APRRN)

Email: evan@aprrn.info

Tel: +66 (0) 2234 2679

Mobile: +66 (0) 972464270

Pakistan: UNHCR: Pakistan, 2018 Funding Update (as of 1 May 2018)

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Source: UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Country: Pakistan

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